What You Need to Know About Consecutive Numbers

The concept of consecutive numbers may seem straightforward, but if you search the internet, youll find slightly differing views about what this term means. Consecutive numbers  are numbers that follow each other in order from smallest to largest, in regular counting order, notes  Study.com. Put another way,  consecutive numbers are numbers that  follow each other in order, without gaps, from smallest to largest, according to  MathIsFun. And  Wolfram MathWorld  notes: Consecutive numbers (or more properly, consecutive  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹integers) are integers n1  and n2  such that n2–n1   1 such that n2 follows immediately after n1.​ Algebra problems often ask about properties of consecutive odd or even numbers, or consecutive numbers that increase by multiples of three, such as 3, 6, 9, 12. Learning about consecutive numbers, then, is a bit trickier than is at first apparent. Yet it is an important concept to understand in math, particularly in algebra. Consecutive Number Basics The numbers 3, 6, 9 are not consecutive numbers, but they are consecutive multiples of 3, which means that the numbers are adjacent integers. A problem may ask about consecutive even numbers—2, 4, 6, 8, 10—or consecutive odd numbers—13, 15, 17—where you take one even number and then the very next even number after that or one odd number and the very next odd number. To represent consecutive numbers algebraically, let one of the numbers be x. Then  the next consecutive numbers would be x 1, x 2, and x 3. If the question calls for consecutive even numbers, you would have to ensure that the first number you choose is even. You can do this by letting the first number be 2x instead of x. Take care when selecting the next consecutive even number, though. It is  not  2x 1 since that would not be an even number. Instead, your next even numbers would be 2x 2,  2x 4, and 2x 6. Similarly, consecutive odd numbers would take the form: 2x 1, 2x 3, and 2x 5. Examples of Consecutive Numbers Suppose the sum of two consecutive numbers is 13. What are the numbers? To solve the problem, let the first number be x and the second number be x 1. Then: x ( x 1) 132x 1 132x 12x 6 So, your numbers are 6 and 7. An Alternate Calculation Suppose you had chosen your consecutive numbers differently from the start. In that case, let the first number be x - 3, and the second number be x - 4. These numbers are still consecutive numbers: one comes directly after the other, as follows: (x - 3) (x - 4) 132x - 7 132x 20x 10 Here  you find that x equals 10, while in the previous problem, x was equal to 6. To clear up this seeming discrepancy, substitute 10 for x, as follows: 10 - 3 710 - 4 6 You then have the same answer as in the previous problem. Sometimes  it may be easier if you choose different variables for your consecutive numbers. For example, if you had a problem involving the product of five consecutive numbers, you could calculate it using either of the following two methods: x (x 1) (x 2) (x 3) (x 4)or(x - 2) (x - 1) (x) (x 1) (x 2) The second equation is easier to calculate, however, because it can take advantage of the properties of the  difference of squares. Consecutive Number Questions Try these consecutive number problems. Even if you can figure out some of them without the methods discussed previously, try them using consecutive variables for practice: Four consecutive even numbers have a sum of 92. What are the numbers?Five consecutive numbers have a sum of zero. What are the numbers?Two consecutive odd numbers have a product of 35. What are the numbers?Three consecutive multiples of five have a sum of 75. What are the numbers?The product of two consecutive numbers is 12. What are the numbers?If the sum of four consecutive integers is 46, what are the numbers?The sum of five consecutive even integers is 50. What are the numbers?If you subtract the sum of two consecutive numbers from the product of the same two numbers, the answer is 5. What are the numbers?Do there exist two consecutive odd numbers with a product of 52?Do there exist seven consecutive integers with a sum of 130? Solutions 20, 22, 24, 26-2, -1, 0, 1, 25, 720, 25, 303, 410, 11, 12, 136, 8, 10, 12, 14-2 and -1 OR 3 and 4No. Setting up equations and solving leads to a non-integer solution for x.No. Setting up equations and solving leads to a non-integer solution for x.

All Wheel Drive And Luxury Sedan - 1323 Words

All-wheel drive and luxury to go with it. The Genesis G80 is a midsize luxury sedan, designed to take on such models as the Audi A6, BMW 5 Series, Cadillac CTS, Mercedes-Benz E-Class, and the Lexus GS. Up until last year, we knew this vehicle as the Hyundai Genesis, but as of 2017, Genesis is now its own brand. Thus, last year’s Hyundai Genesis is now this year’s Genesis G80, while the Hyundai Equus was replaced by an all-new G90 model. Consider the G80 as a refresh of the previous Genesis sedan model, adding more standard equipment as befits a luxury marque. The 2017 Genesis G80 is offered in seven model or package choices: Standard 3.8 RWD ($41,400), Standard 3.8 AWD ($43,900), 3.8 Premium Package RWD ($46,150), 3.8 Premium Package†¦show more content†¦The G80 is nearly identical to the previous Genesis, but with no signs of â€Å"H† or Hyundai badging. The winged Genesis logo is in place, underscoring what the new brand is all about. What is familiar about the G80 is everything else from its long, elegant visage to its hexagonal grille with six horizontal bars. Wrap-around headlamps, LED accent lights, and LED fog lamps complete this sedan’s frontal presentation. From the sides, Genesis opted for a more conservative approach, eschewing the dramatic lines and body sculpting found in such Hyundai models as the Sonata. That said, a distinctive character line at the door handle level adds interest along with rocker panel trim, and creased wheel wells. Furthermore, standard 18-inch alloy wheels add flair and distinction to this midsize luxury sedan. From the rear, you’ll find a trunk lip spoiler. Large wraparound combination lights, reflectors and dual exhaust ports are also present. Quiet, Luxurious Cabin I enjoy luxury cars in this class for a number of reasons. That they actually seat five people without compromise is one of those reasons. Sporty, firm bucket seats are up front, offering generous shoulder and hip bolstering. The split 60-40 fold-down rear bench seat includes a fold-0down center compartment with storage and two cup holders. As much as I like the third seat placement option, folding the middle position providesShow MoreRelatedThe Q50 Is An All New Model And The Replacement For The Infiniti G371086 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduced in 2014, the Infiniti Q50 is an all-new model and the replacement for the Infiniti G37. It is an entry-level, real-wheel drive luxury sedan; all-wheel drive is optional. One powertrain choice is available; a hybrid model can also be had. The 2015 Infiniti Q50 represents the second model year for this luxury sedan. This five-passenger rear-wheel drive model offers optional all-wheel drive. Six trim levels are available and a hybrid variant can also be ordered. 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Governance Theories Principles and Practice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theGovernance Theories Principles and Practice. Answer: Introduction Governance theories are theories which specify rules and processes of controlling and directing companies to balance stakeholders interest. Examples of such theories are agency and stewardship theories(Farrar,2008).This report compares and contrasts the two theories regarding their characteristics and features and identifies the most popular among them Similarities The phenomenon in both theories is concerned with the relationships that exist between a manager and a principal and the outcome of their relationship on organization performance. Both theories are used in the business world to facilitate an understanding of the various relationships existing in business as well as various business challenges by outlining the interests of stakeholders including employees, shareholders, vendors, customers and members of the public (Yusoff Alhaji, 2012). Differences Agency theory is founded on the belief that managers are likely to make decisions based on self-interest at the expense of shareholders if they are left unattended to. On the other hand, the main assumption of stewardship theory is that an agent can act on behalf of the principal if they are given authority and responsibility. It considers managers as good stewards with the capacity to act in the best interest of the principle. Stewardship theory, therefore, focuses on facilitation and empowerment unlike Agency theory which is centered on control and monitoring of the agent (Monks Minow, 2011). Agency theory is majorly concerned with finding solutions to problems that can come up in the relationships between an agent and the principal as a result of goals that are not aligned as well as differences in aversion to risk levels. Its central idea is that because a principal is too busy to do a certain job, he /she solicit the services of an agent who he monitors and motivates at the same time. Under this relationship, the owners of businesses are principals and managers are Agents while the Board of Directors acts as the monitors on behalf of the principal. On the other had stewardship is focused on the relationships between the success of an organization and managers. Stewards are focused on maximizing and protecting the stakeholder's wealth. Unlike Agency theory which is focused on satisfaction of the interests of the principal, Stewardship is focused on satisfaction of the interests of most stakeholders in an organization by increasing the wealth of an organization (Nicholso n Kiel, 2007).There are two notions in Agency theory, the first being that organizations are made up of two participants, shareholders and managers who have clear roles. It is also based on the notion that humans are self-centered and unwilling to let go of their interests at the expense of other peoples interest. In contrast, the behavior of a steward is collectivist and centered towards the organization. It is based on the notion that stewards are selfless and willing to let go of their interests at the expense of other organization stakeholders at all times to attain organizational objectives (Farrar,2008). Conclusion In conclusion, I believe that stewardship is the most popularly held view because of its focus on selflessness, empowerment, and facilitation, maximization and protection of stakeholders wealth and its focus on collectivism. References Farrar, J. (2008). Corporate governance: Theories, principles and practice. Oxford University Press. Monks, R. A. G., Minow, N. (2011). Corporate governance. Chichester: Wiley. Nicholson, G. J., Kiel, G. C. (2007). Can directors impact performance? A case?based test of three theories of corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(4), 585-608. Yusoff, W. F. W., Alhaji, I. A. (2012). Insight of corporate governance theories. Journal of Business and management, 1(1), 52-63.

The Telecommunications Company of Brazil

Brazil is the ideal country to acquire a new telecommunications company. Due to military rule, the country has witnessed hyperinflation and its economy is not very liberal. Brazil has undergone major reforms which have ensured that the economy remains somewhat liberal. The country needs to adopt structural reforms so as to ensure a growth in its GDP.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Telecommunications Company of Brazil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a great need to curb inflation and keep the interest rates low. The country has had high public debt and there is no political will to enact conservative spending policies. The revenue system for the country has not been up-to-date and it has a heavy tax burden, although its taxable base still remains narrow. Individual companies have devoted a lot of resources and manpower in trying to manage their tax affairs. The tax system is still complex, unwieldy , and porous. All these factors necessitate the acquisition of another telecommunications company (USA International Business Publications 50). Brazil is ideal as a telecommunications hub given that it has a high population, and the market is both large and growing. The country’s economy is diversified and it is witnessing political stability though political effectiveness is not yet up to date. This coupled with a tax system that is ineffective and a deficient labor market and infrastructure implies that the country is in dire need of another telecommunications company. With the country’s economy moving towards stability, it will be the best spot for such a company. There is a hope for the country’s sovereign risk to stabilize. The local capital market is deep and this is a solution to the liquidity and solvency problems. There is therefore a stable outlook towards the same. Fiscal consolidation will automatically increase the primary surplus. With the increase in the differential rates, the currency is bound to stabilize. The country’s banking sector has also been found to be stable. This is due to the fact that it was able to withstand the world economic recession that hit every sector of the economy across the globe. The banks in Brazil have a credit risk management system that is well developed and supportive.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The banking system is characterized by strong regulatory and supervisory strategies. With such stability, the telecommunications company is bound to blossom as most of today’s telecommunications companies carry out their activities hand in hand with the banking sector. A good example of this is the electronic money transfer system that has most of its activities linked to the bank. The economic structure is also very vital in the success of any telecommunication company. Wit h an export base that is diversified and a financial system that is well-regulate, the country will be at the pick in terms of economic growth. The telecommunications company will be of great importance particularly when it comes to improving the countries revenue collection system. The country’s political leaders must therefore make and implement laws that will provide a fertile ground for the development of the telecommunications company (Polishuk 200-205). The telecommunications company will revolutionize the country’s economy through the adoption of the e-business that is stable and with very limited risks. There is limited risk for fraud and theft. With the introduction of a paperless economy, there is efficiency and speed in business transactions. The country forms a large section of the market for information technology in Latin America. The industry produces computers and other telecommunications equipment that are worth billions of dollars. The government poli cies seem to be in support of the telecommunication advancements. Internet penetration has greatly increased within the last five years. This is vital for the growth of Brazil’s economy. Services like e-banking, e-learning and other online activities significant to the growth of the economy will be availed to the people and hence boost the economic growth. There is however a need to upgrade these services to reach the international standards. This there necessitates the establishment of another telecommunications company. The sales accrued from e-commerce have doubled in the last two years and the sales of personal computers and other communication gadgets have been increasing with time. Telecommunication companies are sustainable and frequently pay dividends aimed at boosting cash flow as well as maintaining a share price that is strong.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Telecommunications Company of Brazil specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More The companies are not hit as hard as other sectors of the economy in the event of an economic recession. The country is strategically placed and it is closer to the world great economies like the United States and Mexico. There has been a significant trading between New York and Brazil. The telecommunications company is therefore able to tap in the neighboring markets and maximize the profits. The telecommunications companies are known for high yielding stocks and they are fast growing companies with a greater competitive advantage. The advancement in the telecommunications technology will help the country to shift from over depending on the export earnings and become in information economy. The telecommunications company will ensure that the country’s wealth resources are equally distributed to all sections of the country (Polishuk 67-80). Works Cited Polishuk, Paul. â€Å"Brazil.† Brazil Monthly Newsletter 10 November 2010: 67- 80. Polishuk, Paul. Brazil Telcom. Salvador: Information Gatekeepers, 2009. USA International Business Publications. Brazil Telecommunication Industry Business  Opportunity Handbook. Washington : Intl Business Pubns USA, 2005. Print. This report on The Telecommunications Company of Brazil was written and submitted by user Emelia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays In this discussion of the Cuban government vs. American government, we must first understand what has shaped Cuba into what it is today. Assuming that the reader is knowledgeable on the subject of U.S. government, we can proceed to explore Cuba and its upbringings and uprisings. President Carlos Pro Socarras brought Cuba into the early 1950's. He was overthrown by General Fulgencio Batista who set up a dictatorship in 1952. The Bautista regime ruled for just over a year. Here now is the introduction of Fidel Castro Ruz, an important actor in shaping (and authoring) Cuban government into what we see today. Castro and Che Guevara were both implemental in revolutionizing Cuba. Castro's Revolution started on July 26, 1953, with 160 rebels attacking a military barracks. Castro had hopes of sparking a popular uprising. But to no avail, he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Castro obtained political amnesty in 1955 and was released from prison. He was exiled to Mexico where he organized Cuban exiles into the "26th of July" movement. In 1956 Guevara and Castro returned to Cuba with 81 "26th of July" revolutionaries. They were met with stiff resistance from Batista's army and were driven into the Sierra Maestra Mountains where they regrouped and plotted for guerilla warfare against the Batista regime. The revolutionaries descended from the Sierra Maestra at the end of 1958. With troops deserting on a daily basis and U.S. support dwindling, Batista fled into exile on New Year's Day 1959. The next day Guevara and 600 revolutionaries took Havana. The breakdown of Cuba's authoritarian regime was prompted by a combination of factors, including its political illegitimacy, disrespect for the people's legitimate expectations, and indiscriminate use of repression against political dissidents. Batista's dictatorship had alienated the middle classes. Thus, by the end of the 1950s, the traditional favorite forces...

Understanding String Literals in Ruby

Understanding String Literals in Ruby String objects hold ordered sequences of bytes, typically characters, usually to form pieces of human-readable text. Theyre a very common object type in all programming languages, and Ruby has a number of high-level and a few low-level ways to create, access and manipulate String objects. Strings are most often created with a String literal. A literal is a special syntax in the Ruby language that creates an object of a specific type. For example, 23 is a literal that creates a ​Fixnum object. As for String literals, there are several forms. Single-Quotes and Double-Quoted Strings Most languages have a String literal similar to this, so this may be familiar. The types of quotes, (single quote, apostrophe or hard quote) and (double quote or soft quote) are used to enclose string literals, anything between them will be turned into String objects. The following example demonstrates this. But there are some differences between single and double quotes. Double quotes  or soft quotes enable some magic to happen behind the scenes. Most useful is interpolation inside strings, useful for inserting the value of a variable into the middle of a string. This is achieved by using the #{ †¦ } sequence. The following example will ask you for your name and greet you, using interpolation to insert your name into the string literal thats printed. Note that any code can go inside the braces, not just variable names. Ruby will evaluate that code and whatever is returned it will attempt to insert it into the string. So you could just as easily say Hello, #{gets.chomp} and forget about the name variable. However, its good practice not to put long expressions inside the braces. Single quotes, apostrophes, or hard quotes are much more restrictive. Inside of the single quotes, Ruby will perform no interpolation or escape sequences other than escaping the single quote character and backslash itself (\ and \\ respectively). If you dont intend to use interpolation, its recommended to use single quotes more often than not. The following example will attempt to interpolate a variable inside of single quotes. If you run this youll get no error, but what will be printed? The interpolation sequence was passed through uninterpreted. When Should I Use Single and Double Quotes This is a matter of style. Some prefer to use double quotes all of the time unless they become inconvenient. Others would rather use single quotes unless the interpolation behavior is intended. Theres nothing inherently dangerous about using double quotes all of the time, but it does make some code easier to read. You dont need to read a string when reading through code if you know there are no interpolations in it  because you know the string itself wont have any side effects. So which string literal form you use is up to you, there is no real right and wrong way here. Escape Sequences What if, in a string literal, you want to include a quote character? For instance, the string Steve said Moo!  wont work. And neither will Cant touch this!. Both of these strings include the quote character inside of the string, effectively ending the string literal and causing a syntax error. You could switch quote characters, like Steve said Moo!, but that doesnt really solve the problem. Instead, you can escape any quote character inside the string, and it will lose its special meaning (in this case, the special meaning is to close the string). To escape a character, prepend it with the backslash character. The backslash character tells Ruby to ignore any special meaning the next character may have. If its a matching quote character, dont end the string. If its a hash sign, dont start an interpolation block. The following example demonstrates this use of backslash to escape special characters. The backslash character can be used to remove any special meaning from the following character but, confusingly, it can also be used to denote special behavior in double-quoted strings. Most of these special behaviors have to do with inserting characters and byte sequences that cannot be typed or represented visually. Not all Strings are character strings  or may contain control sequences intended for the terminal, and not the user. Ruby gives you the ability to insert these types of strings using the backslash escape character. \n - A newline character. The puts method does this automatically, but if you wish to insert one in the middle of a string, or the string is destined for something other than the puts method, you can use this to insert a newline in a string.\t - A tab character. The tab character moves the cursor over (on most terminals) to a multiple of 8, so this is very useful for display tabular data. However, there are better ways of doing this, and using the tab character is considered a bit archaic or hackish.\nnn - A backslash followed by 3 numbers will denote an ASCII character represented by 3 octal digits. Why octal? Mostly for historical reasons.\xnn - A backslash, an x, and 2 hex digits. The same as the octal version, only with hex digits. Youll probably never use most of these, but know that they exist. And also remember that they only work in double-quoted strings. The next page discusses multi-line strings and an alternate syntax for string literals. Multi-Line Strings Most languages dont allow multi-line string literals, but Ruby does. Theres no need to end your strings and append more strings for the next line, Ruby handles multi-line string literals just fine with the default  syntax. Alternate Syntax As with most other literals, Ruby provides an alternate syntax for string literals. If youre using a lot of quote characters inside your literals, for example, you may want to use this syntax. When you use this syntax is a matter of style, theyre usually not needed for strings. To use the alternate syntax, use the following sequence for single-quoted strings  %q{ †¦ }. Similarly, use the following syntax for double-quoted strings  %Q{ †¦ }. This alternate syntax follows all the same rules as their normal cousins.  Also,  note that you can use any characters you wish instead of braces. If you use a brace, square bracket, angle bracket or parenthesis, then the matching character will end the literal. If you dont want to use matching characters, you can use any other symbol (anything not a letter or number). The literal will be closed with another of the same symbol. The following example shows you several ways to use this syntax. The alternate syntax also works as a multi-line string.

Hispanic in united states Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hispanic in united states - Research Paper Example C. Nelson and Marta Tienda noted, â€Å"Hispanic as a label combines colonized natives and their offspring, foreigners and political refugees under one ethnic umbrella, but coherence of this label is questionable on theoretical and historical grounds† ( Oboler, 1995). It is evident that some researchers have pointed out the political cost of the debate while other researchers have identified its demographic connotations of census definitions since 1930s. The label â€Å"Hispanic† arrives from time of arrival, language, race and minority status (Oboler, 1995). Understanding the ambiguity of the term, Joan Moore and Harry Pachon raised referred to the concept as â€Å"racial minority or simply another predominantly Catholic ethnic group like the Italians for example† (Oboler, 1995). According to Pastora San Juan Cafferty and William McCready, â€Å"policies are created for Hispanics which help some and ham others because there are in one sense no generic Hispanics† ( Oboler, 1995). Revolution in the global economy and its bang in US labor market have opened a new paradigm for immigrants from Latin America. They deal with a fall of industries like clothes making, providing untrained, admission level jobs to recently arrived populations in United States (Oboler, 1995). According to the results of Census 2000 there is a remarkable increase in the Hispanic population form 1990 and has increased from 22 million to 35.2 million. The total Hispanic population is categorized into two groups: A. native Hispanics- those born in US who possess Hispanic heritage and B. foreign born Hispanics they either have or do not possess US citizenship. It is estimated that both these categories contributed to the increase in Hispanic population, but the foreign born Hispanic population experienced surprising growth in their population owing to the enhanced immigration (Grieco,

Product and Place Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product and Place - Term Paper Example The products of our business are designed to take advantage of the bargaining power of customers. Many buyers feel that they should bargain in the market. Inclusion of wraps in the product menu is an objective of our business that aims at creating bargaining environment for the consumers. Our business intends to provide varied products for the consumers in order to create threat to substitute products in the market. Another product objective of our business is to create an avenue for potential entrant into the market. Products such as wraps would create a great potentiality for the business to enter into the market. Our business has identified the needs of various customers; this would have provided vital information in designing the product objectives. Our business products aim at providing variety of choices to the consumers. Our products will serve consumers who are jogging or walking along the streets. Our business presents five categories of products, which the customers can cho ose. The products would benefit the customers because our business intends to offer high quality products. For example, a customer who orders for the stir-fry may decide to take rice with veggies or noodles with sauces. On the other hand, a customer may be willing to buy grilled chicken with Sundried tomato, spinach and regular tortilla wraps. Our product menu has healthy products that it intends to roll to the market. The product features aim at meeting varied demands of the market. Another feature for the products is their ability to be carried away by the customers. Some customers prefer take away, our business has developed products to suit these demands. Provision of products that suit the demands of the customers would help in marketing the business. The approach of our business into the market is to create an opportunity that would lead to high market share. Customer needs is a factor that contributes to the product strategy and objectives of the business. Penetrating market strategy aims at utilizing the business products to attract and retain customers. For our business to penetrate the market, it has to come up with a packaging system that would lure customers. Our business intends to adopt a packaging system that would make the products of the business stand out in the market. The package should break the convection in the market. Our business would develop unique shape for its products in order to draw the attention of the customers. Elegant packets lure the attention of many buyers. Products like fruit salad require unique packaging that would lure the interest of the customers. Another packaging factor that the business wishes to address is the feel good factor. The attractiveness of the package indicates an offer of the same quality. The need to offer quality package would make the business penetrate the market. Our business wishes to use the above choices to achieve it positioning objective. Strategic packaging, product objective and services o ffered by the business aim at winning greater market share. The success of the above factors would lead to the success of our business. Place is another important factor in the marketing mix. Delivering of business products to the customers at the right time has an influence on the success and market share of our business (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 47). The distribution channel that the business

Belonging Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay Belonging is the finest thing in the world that knows how to belong to oneself. You have to belong to yourself before you belong to society. Belonging is a quite a hard concept, as you can argue that people who don’t want to belong actually belong to a group of people who don’t want to belong. But what is belonging? One idea is that you belong when you feel comfortable with people who have similar objectives, goals, and aims as you. But, as i realised while analysing a film in fact it’s for this unit, if you don’t feel comfortable with the group you believe you belong to, then even if you have the same goals for example cricket. Even though everyone’s goal is to win, should the team not befriend you, make you feel like you are excluded from the team, then you don’t really feel that you belong to the team so it’s basically what belonging is about. My first text is about a song by my island home by Christina Anu and how the singer portrays aspects of belonging through her song lyrics. Firstly she explores the idea that belonging to people or places shapes our identity and then she explores how the barriers which prevent belonging can create a need to belong. The song Island Home shares her perception that belonging to certain people or place creates our ideology of life and where we rightfully belong. We live by the sea and My home is Australia this use of language shows pride and belonging to Australia. This creates and brings belong into place where our perspective of belonging to be one of happiness. Belonging is evident in the song in the boat on the sea again, and I holding that long turtle spear, and I feel close to where it must be. The composer emphasises the point that her home must be by the sea because that’s where she is from and where she feels that she belongs, the pride of her belonging. We create our own identity from the feelings and affections we have with belonging to certain societies and their way of life. Inclusion and isolation demonstrates our personal identity which portrays who we are. Our perspectives and views are changed depending upon what we belong to. My home is Australia; we are a land bound by sea to show that Australia is a part of her which will never be lost is also shown as her the composer is from a native background (aboriginal). She emphasises on how her and land are one, and it is this affection that had shaped her identity. Belonging in the song My Island Home? which I find is people who had experienced belonging to a place or community. But the song conveys the composer as; these glimpses are obviously not enough to make you feel the same way real belonging makes others feel. The composer shows the barriers she has to overcome like modernisation, family and living far away from the place she belongs to and this belonging is felt by her. The composer shows the importance of belonging by using a reflection question to compare her life in the present time and when she belonged. Will this place ever satisfy me this shows how much she wants to belong again, which portrays her strong love for her place of belonging. The composer only reveals through her dreams how she feels towards belonging. Six years I have lived in the desert, every night i dreamt of the sea shows the identity of the composer since Australia is covered in desert lands ad this shows the connection she has with Australia through her. Ahhh already it has taken so long to type this up for you to read , hope you are bored because you have a lot more to read so stay awake and read it ahah. My second text is on Edward scissor hand by Tim Burton, I was actually going to Life of Pie by Ang Lee but it was quite tough to relate to belong so I went with Edward scissor hands plus I got a bit help my English teacher for this movie so it make my life a bit easier. At the beginning of the film we see that Edward lives alone in a gothic castle. He has been isolated in the castle for an indeterminate time. Below the castle is a small town a close knit community and barely visits the castle, not knowing that Edward lives there. Peg feels sorry for him and decides to take him back to live with her in the town. At first Edward is being treated well because he is a great novelty. No one has ever seen someone like him before and he quickly becomes a celebrity. He is embraced by the townspeople; they think he is very useful with his scissors (haircutting, gardening etc. ) one of the town women thinks he is sexy and tries to seduce him. He refuses and runs away. This incident becomes the catalyst for Edwards’s rejection and alienation from the community. Edwards’s personality consists of innocent, naive, limited social skills, very gentle and very experienced at relationships with people, no idea of sex, manners etc. Other than what his creator taught him from books. He is very trusting until he finds himself he victim of a setup. After things become worse, Edward finds he is a victim and cannot remain in the community. Techniques used to convey the context relevant to belonging is that Edwards’s clothes and appearance is a complete contrast to town’s people. When he first arrives Peg him clothes to wear which he puts on over his own costume. This helps him develop a sense of belonging to the family and the community and reduces his difference to the townspeople. However the fact that he doesn’t remove his clothes indicates that he wants to maintain his identity. Later in the film he becomes angry and feelings of rejection and alienation by the town cause him to rip off. Music is used in a number of ways to show Edwards innocence and purity. His character is linked to Kims in the way music and lighting are used, the haunting they’re music, together with soft/bright lighting plus show plus the slow motion of the camera reinforces the innocence and the nature of their love for each other. At the end of the film, when it becomes impossible for Kim and Edward to belong to each other in a proper relationship. He goes back into the castle and she to the town. All though they cannot belong together physically they will always belong together emotionally. This is shown at the end of the film as Edward continues to make snow from the ice and flashback to the narrator at the child’s bedside. Alright you only got a bit more reading for go so sit back and read the rest and tell me how I went. For my third text I have chosen the picture the island by Armin greder. The picture book, The Island portrays belonging as impossible if there is an ignorant and fearful dominant culture. The book portrays to the responder into almost alienation and new comer into a strongly built and well organized society. The alien is portrayed as thin and white-white and unclothed showing that the new comer is an empty canvas to be painted opinions onto. The new comer is also thin and innocent looking showing how the character is reliant on acceptance to survive. Whilst the dominant society is given the appearance of large, over bearing, they are always portrayed as a collective group portraying their dominance. They are in black clothing, they all appear to look the same- again representing there collectiveness, and they are holding pitch forks portraying their feelings towards the new comer unwelcomed. The dominant society belong together they appear to look the same, and have much of the same views, they have collectively created a community that are dependent on each other and there likeness. The society is well established and fearful of anything that will imbalance its structure and that is different from their social, cultural and historical similarities. The new being does not offer any change, it does not do anything to radicalize the community but just its presence of being different offers physiological fear to the dominant society. The book demonstrates the effect of fear, what it does to a community and the object being feared. Through fear of this unknown the community alienated the unknown, trying to forget its existence when this did not work the community they contemplated integrating the being. But the overbearing fear of the effect the being would have on their system led them to cast out the different being. The being that was submitted to the dominant cultures fear was treated as inferior, become the dominant society did not want the unknown to belong they create a barrier around themselves in fear of the unknown and it defining themselves as exclusive. Because the dominant society was afraid of the unknown they showed ignorance and a lack of open thinking which creates difficulties to them from acceptance and understanding of anything other than their own people. Therefore Belonging is a way of life which characterises us humans and creates our individuality. Due to the complex and abstract nature of the concept of belonging, a true sense of belonging can be found in different circumstances for different people. As each individual has their own desires, needs and values, they find their place in the world and a genuine sense of belonging in various avenues. Many individuals find the strongest sense of belonging through relationships, due to the fact that by nature these connections fulfil the human need for social interaction and enrich the lives of the persons involved.

Definition Essay - Defining Art -- Expository Definition Essays

Definition Essay – Defining Art What is art? Art and perception are deeply interrelated, since our ability to experience and comprehend artistic works is strongly biased by our own perceptions. Accordingly, any definition of art should emphasize the importance of perception in creating and experiencing art. Yet, each person has his or her own opinion of every artistic work, biased by his or her own perceptions, causing each person to define art as a whole in his or her own subjective manner. Hence, in my opinion it is impossible to create an objective definition of art, if art is something that each person perceives and experiences in a wholly subjective manner. In my view, art is the representation and transmission of thought. It is the representation of the thoughts or experiences of an artist, created to transmit and subsequently evoke the same thoughts or experiences vicariously in an audience, via the artist’s creation. I believe art is based on the fact that people, through their own perceptions, can experience the same thoughts or feelings as the artist. I...

Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay

Teaching is considered as one of the most exciting and challenging professions (Walden University 2009). It is through teaching that everyone is able to learn the things that they needed for their jobs. Everyone can not be a professional without the people who have the ability to teach. During teaching process, teachers usually experience the pressure when dealing with students who have different cultures, behaviors and attitudes. Therefore, an appropriate teaching plan is necessary to address these differences and to prevent the pressure which can hinder the teacher’s performance. Through a right plan and use of resources, teachers are able to make most out of everything and prepare the students towards their future (Bosch 2006). Classroom is considered as the most important place for both teachers and students. It is the place where students and teachers freely exchange ideas and learn from each other. Â  I believe that an appropriate and effective classroom planning is critical in teaching because it aids in imparting knowledge by making the teachers prepared, confident and comfortable with their profession (Bosch 2006). For me, an effective classroom management planning is not only about establishing rules, rewards and consequences but it is also about the establishment of a mutual relationship between the teacher and the students. If a healthy atmosphere is present, then the teacher will not experience difficulty in teaching and students will learn more. In addition, the learning process is student centered (Walden University 2009). This means that learning is imparted through the application of the things learned through classroom activities and tasks. Rules, consequences and rewards are there to guide the students on proper behavior and etiquette but they are not limited to what is written. It is through the real happenings that rules are applied and exercised by the students. In the end teachers are there to guide the students not only in learning but also in correct behavioral decision making.

International Data Communications Essay

Just like in end terminal / customer premise equipment (CPE) distribution, countries in European countries experience new applications and data services relatively in the same time with other regions like Asia and North America (USA and Canada). Figure 1 shows the current figure of telephone users in the world based on regions. Figure 1 Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants (1994 -2004) Source: ITU. â€Å"The Digital Divide at a glance. † 2005. Retrieved December 10, 2007 from http://www.itu. int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/ In terms of mobile service penetration rates, Europe is the leader since it currently composes of more than 570 million mobile subscribers and a mobile penetration of over 70%. It leaves other regions behind in mobile penetration rate in which Africa only accounts for 9%, America records 42%, and 19% in Asia Pacific. The high penetration rate has put mobile subscribers in Europe to surpass those in fixed phone lines. This situation also holds true for data communication in the region in which according to ITU (2005), the region has penetration rate above 50%, especially in Western Europe while the rest past of the region only records 20% of Internet penetration rate. However, like its Asian counterparts, some countries in Europe also experiences uneven users since in Russia, for instances, vast majority of subscribers located in large urban centers. 1. M-Commerce: Opportunities and Challenges Moreover, the advancement of telecommunications and internet technologies has created new model of commerce, the borderless commerce or e-commerce. The terminology refers to cross-nations or even cross-continents trade and commerce. This development goes further as Internet is accessible not only via desktop computers but also via mobile devices like PDAs and mobile phones. The benefit of using mobile commerce (m-commerce) is attractive. Say, a woman is shopping at a mall and decides to buy some clothes. Unfortunately, when she is at a cahier, she finds that her debit card has no enough balance to pay the clothes or her credit cards are out of limit. In this situation, she called her husband to transfer some money to her account. Although her husband is in a meeting that is far from a bank, he is still able to do the fund transfer by using his mobile phone and log into a bank’s mobile portal. Finally, in few minutes, the woman’s bank account has enough balance to pay the clothes. Similarly, mobile phones can also act as a virtual debit card when it is used as a payment method for vending machines. The method of this transaction is by sending sms (short message services) from users’ mobile phones and typing the short number that is displayed in the vending machines. When the server of the vending machines received this sms, they ask the telecommunication carrier to deduct some amount of money from the person’s prepaid balance or to add a transaction into his next billing statement.

Free Essays on Crm History

CRM or Crew Resource Management has evolved a great deal throughout the history of aviation. Unfortunately, accidents have and will continue to occur. With the introduction of larger and more complex aircraft, the number of humans required to operate these complex machines has decreased per plane, and has lead many to believe that the probability of human error has increased dramatically. There are studies upon studies of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting from breakdowns in crew coordination and, more specifically, crew communication. These topics are the driving force behind CRM. This paper will attempt to present the concept of CRM and its impact on aviation safety in modern commercial aviation and give a history of how CRM has evolved into what it is today. This concept is not a new one, but it is continually evolving and can even include non-human elements such as computer controlled operations in the cockpit. Since the beginning of aviation pilots have been tasked with operating aircraft safely while having to be effective at the same time. Obviously we run into most of are problems in aviation when we start worrying more about the effectiveness then the safety. Let’s look at what CRM truly is and what it stands for. CRM has been widely used to improve the operation and safety of flight crews in the cockpit for quite sometime. The concept originated in 1979, in response to a NASA workshop that examined the role that human error plays in air crashes. CRM emphasizes the role of human factors in high-stress, high-risk environments. John K. Lauber, a psychologist member of the National Transportation Safety Board, defined CRM as "using all available sources- information, equipment, and people- to achieve safe and efficient flight operations." Simply speaking CRM encompasses team training, it brings everybody together and brings out the positive asspects of everyone’s training. This team concept has evolved over time. Or... Free Essays on Crm History Free Essays on Crm History CRM or Crew Resource Management has evolved a great deal throughout the history of aviation. Unfortunately, accidents have and will continue to occur. With the introduction of larger and more complex aircraft, the number of humans required to operate these complex machines has decreased per plane, and has lead many to believe that the probability of human error has increased dramatically. There are studies upon studies of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting from breakdowns in crew coordination and, more specifically, crew communication. These topics are the driving force behind CRM. This paper will attempt to present the concept of CRM and its impact on aviation safety in modern commercial aviation and give a history of how CRM has evolved into what it is today. This concept is not a new one, but it is continually evolving and can even include non-human elements such as computer controlled operations in the cockpit. Since the beginning of aviation pilots have been tasked with operating aircraft safely while having to be effective at the same time. Obviously we run into most of are problems in aviation when we start worrying more about the effectiveness then the safety. Let’s look at what CRM truly is and what it stands for. CRM has been widely used to improve the operation and safety of flight crews in the cockpit for quite sometime. The concept originated in 1979, in response to a NASA workshop that examined the role that human error plays in air crashes. CRM emphasizes the role of human factors in high-stress, high-risk environments. John K. Lauber, a psychologist member of the National Transportation Safety Board, defined CRM as "using all available sources- information, equipment, and people- to achieve safe and efficient flight operations." Simply speaking CRM encompasses team training, it brings everybody together and brings out the positive asspects of everyone’s training. This team concept has evolved over time. Or...

Top 10 Tips On Saving Your Time

Top 10 Tips On Saving Your Time Top 10 Tips on Saving Time as a College Student Often as a college student, there is never enough time in a day with all the juggling between classes, homework, study sessions, family time, work and a little fun. To be successful as a student, its important to learn how to manage the most critical resource, which is time. Here are 10 tips to help students get a grasp on the busy college life, so they can save time and reward themselves with a college degree as soon as possible. 1. Get the help of a professional writing service As the semester kicks off, many students look forward to studying and completing different assignments in time, but it reaches a point when their schedule is filled up, and there is no time to write every single essay/paper. Buying a college paper from a professional writing service goes a long way to keeping you on top of assignments and exams in the midst of tight and demanding schedules. You will not only save on time to attend to other important tasks, but you will get high-quality written assignments that are delivered on time and by the best writers. By using this service, you will live a stress and challenge-free life in whatever program you may be enrolled in, knowing that you will receive well researched, 100% unique work that is created just for you. Dont hesitate to find the help of professional writers in your essay writing needs for a productive and efficient academic journey. You may order your essay, dissertation or another type of college paper on our order page. 2. Set Priorities Note the most important tasks and tackle them first even if they are things you would usually dread to do. When you start each day by organizing your tasks and knowing ahead what needs to be done, you will achieve a new level of productivity you never thought possible. You can use simple apps that let you create a daily list of tasks so you will never forget a major task or miss a deadline like homework or test dates. 3. Study Smarter Some students study really hard but only get average results while others invest half the amount of time and get outstanding results.Well-performing students dont necessarily study for long hours, but they study smartly. Develop a study game plan to allow you to direct your focus on what is important. Make a summary of what you read, join a group discussion and organize ideas in a way you can recall (memory retention strategies). 4. Know Yourself It helps knowing when you function best as a learner so that you can make the best use of the time you have. Some people perform better in early mornings while others prefer to stay late. Whatever kind of person you are, you will achieve better outcomes if you schedule your classes and study sessions around your preferences. Reserve peak times for more intensive tasks and low concentration times for less intensive tasks like copying notes or typing assignments. 5. Find a Way of Doing Things Faster Many times as college students you waste time doing things for longer periods than you normally should. You can figure out a way of getting things done faster may be by multitasking and getting a couple of things done at the same time. For example, you could listen to your recorded lecture notes while folding laundry or doing your nails. 6. Avoid Procrastination Procrastination only results in wastage of time and energy. Stay dedicated to what you have set out to accomplish and dont push it for later. You have so much to lose with continued inaction so its better to get done with it when you can. 7. Be Healthy to Improve Productivity What you eat affects your productivity. Eating a well-balanced diet will significantly boost your energy levels so that you stay productive throughout the day. Your moods will greatly be improved while keeping you in top physical form to carry out your errands efficiently. Remember to get enough sleep and clear your head by engaging in fun activities for a more engaged mind when doing school work. 8. Do Away with Distractions You may want to consider eliminating certain distractions that eat away at your time. Television, mobile phones and social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. are typical time wasters we dwell on. Check on such distractions in moderation making sure you take a break completely when doing important tasks like studying or doing assignments. 9. Use Spare Moments Always put something you can study in your bag or save it on the phone so you can take advantage of those long hours you spend waiting in lines, stuck in traffic or eating alone. During such times, you can also memorize, review or reflect on what you have already covered. 10. Be Flexible in Your Routine Many times things will happen that you hadnt seen coming. It is critical for adult college students to have a flexible mindset and flexible schedule to help manage unforeseen circumstances. Flexibility and adaptability will enable you to be in a better position to make the most use of the available time. Therefore dont wait for longer free hours so as to meet with your professor but get it done in the time you have, even between your commitments.

Closing case #2 Chap 6 Zillow Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Closing #2 Chap 6 Zillow - Case Study Example Business intelligence at Zillow allows managers to make better decisions that are beneficial to the company. In Zillow, Zestimate values allow them to use data mining features for spotting trends across property valuations hence creating new products for their customers. Through this technology, they are able to see accurate Zestimate values and allow users to find homes that are for sale and rent based on monthly payment they can afford. Through business intelligence, Zillow launched new products aimed at changing the manner in which Americans shop mortgages by allowing borrowers to use their new mortgage marketplace to get custom loan quotes from lenders without giving their details. The marketing department at Zillow can easily use data mart to release a new product by taking advantage of databases that are stored in details. Through their data warehousing systems, they can store the same information in aggregated form more suited to support decision-making process. The warehouse can then be used to compile information from internal databases and external databases through extraction, transformation, and loading during launching of new products. Accurate information is of great importance to Zillow since they need such information to make accurate choices on how they intend to run their business. Any information that is not accurate misleads the managers as they make their daily choices that can eventually lead to reduced profits in the business. All information needed by Zillow should be complete to ensure that there is no value lacking in the information provided. Incomplete information can also lead the management in making wrong decisions that can eventually bring the company down. Zillow needs information that is ever flowing at a constant speed as they are availed so that they become useful to the management. Inconsistency of information can disrupt the decision-making process that would in

Psychology. Diary Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology. Diary Activity - Essay Example Submissive Diary Exercises: 1. I should more aggressive in fulfilling what I want to achieve in life. I should be assertive of my rights, and I should be submissive to the rule and policies of the schools. 2. I should be more assertive of my right to be heard when I am accused of something that I have not done. I should be less passive when I feeling that my rights are being trampled. 3. I should be more assertive in expressing what I want to do. I should be less aggressive when explaining my points. Activity: 1. When you were late for the third time and I feel all right because you were always apologetic. 2. When you raise your price in the clinic, I feel unhappy because I cannot afford the price anymore. 3. When you complained of not getting the result, I feel frustrated because you did not implement what were recommended. 4. When my partner leaves his dishes in the sink after coming home late from work, I feel irritated because he continued to do so for a week. 5. When you borrow my car, I feel irritated because you left it without petroleum. Diary Exercise: 1. A situation where I said yes but would have wanted to say no was when I was asked to donate some money for a non-governmental organization. 2. I wished to say no because I was afraid I will be short of money. 3. I decided to say yes because I do not want to disappoint the expectations my classmates. 4. I felt good because I have something good for humanity and that I did not embarrass my classmate. 5. I feel that I earned his respect. 6. I would have preferred saying yes. After all I can ask from my parent additional allowance for school. Page 43 1. Active listening reduces the defensiveness of the other person because when one is actively listening he can effectively employ...Where in her childhood a woman experienced humiliation or never appreciated or recognized for what she had done or said she will not feel comfortable of expressing her thoughts even when she becomes older. 3. Language is a barrier to assertion. When a person cannot express his thoughts and his ideas because he does not have ample language facility he cannot assert his point. It is important therefore that a person must have a rich world bank so that he can competently express what he has in his mind. 1. Active listening reduces the defensiveness of the other person because when one is actively listening he can effectively employ different skills that would physiologically and psychologically encourage the speaker. The listener can be persist, or negotiate or employ the three-part messages of assertion. Scenario 1: There is the need fro active listening and assertion. As soon as the client is ready to listen there is the need to explain the process and explore on the needs. The client must collaborate and must be patient undergo the process of treatment. He should be willing to put his trust. Mapping can be utilized in this situation. Scenario 2: There is the need to come up with an action plan that must be implemented or carried out so that it would be clear who would work on it, how it should be done, and when it shou

Ethiopia and Eritrea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Ethiopia and Eritrea - Research Paper Example After about four decades of enjoyment of its sovereign right, Ethiopia is once more on the verge of permanently becoming a landlocked country. The present governing body of Ethiopia has approved and signed the Algiers Agreement that might make their nation landlocked (Healy & Plaut, 2007). If the opposition, triumphs in the next election or any election afterward, it might officially condemn the Algiers Agreement and insist on a new arrangement that identifies the right of accessing the sea. It is deemed accessing the sea is one of the burning topics that contributed to the achievement of the opposition and the decreasing support of the government in the last election. In this thesis, this paper will argue that Ethiopia has a legal right of accessing the sea as accepted by the regulations of the UN General Assembly of 1950, which was executed accordingly by merging Eritrea to Ethiopia. This paper recognizes the right of self-government along with the independence of the Eritrean citizens. Even though, it recognizes the independence of Eritrea, it also recognizes the sovereign right of accessing the sea by Ethiopia. The legal system that governs the territorial disagreements between Eritrea and Ethiopia is the treaty between UN and Ethiopia. The treaty was also referred to as the agreement between Ethiopia and the Victorious Four Powers of World War II in line with Eritrea, which was merged to Ethiopia, in 1952. The citizens of Eritrea fought for their fate and have become sovereign. Their desires have been accomplished by the blood that they paid during the fight for their independence (Healy & Plaut, 2007). The treaty of the Four Powers and Ethiopia is about the deliberation of the security of East Africa and the rightful need of Ethiopia to access the sea. In reality, the main purpose and objective of the treaty is the right of Ethiopia to access the sea. However, the people who appear to benefit mainly from the treaty are the Eritreans. The basis of any agreement that is meant to resolve the territorial disagreements between Eritrea and Ethiopia should adapt the recommendation of the United Nations General Assembly of 1950, as well as the international law, which gives Ethiopia the right to access the sea. Background The Horn of Africa, which comprises of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia, is approximately three-quarters of a million square miles in the northeast of Africa (Interna tional Group Crisis, 2003). The region borders hundreds of kilometers of the Arabian Sea. It also lies along the southern border of the Gulf of Aden. Ethiopia stands at the center of the Horn of Africa. The country is bordered by Eritrea 912 km, Djibouti 349 km, Somalia 1600 km and Kenya 861 km, as well as Sudan 1606 km. The country shares diverse cultural groups with its neighbors (International Group Crisis, 2003). There is a wide range of ethnic groups living in Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan. The

Leadership And Change Management

Leadership And Change Management Leadership is a sequence of multidirectional, reciprocal influence processes among many individuals at different levels, in different subunits and within executive teams (Yukl 1994, p. 459). It is the way to acheive the gaol and motivate the people to do best. Leadership is the source of inspiration and it shows the action and way of acts to do. Leadership is considered as a product of complex social relationships (Dachler 1988). Current theoretical approaches on leadership research is concern about a greater extent role of leadership research which describe and give some understanding and recommends for effective leader behaviour and normative models. They focus more on explanations of leadership processes, describing leader behaviours, and present why behaviours occur in certain situations. If there are behavioural recommendations are available it means this is usually done more carefully and rarely without any philosophy that anything is possible. Current leadership theories are a ccepting the limits which have leader influence. The best leaders are those most interested in surrounding themselves with assistants and associates smarter than they are. They are frank in admitting this and are willing to pay for such talents.(Amos Parrish). Leader is a person who rules or guides or inspires others(Andrew, 2007). A leader is a person having personality which others want to follow him. They may not always make right decisions but they are confident in hte decion making and they know when they should change their directions and why. Even after a few mistakes a leader will not lose his or her followers confidence . Leaders are recognised, not chosen or selected. In short, leaders have something extraordinary in their personality to inspire their followers. They have the qualities that the others dont have. It is an intengible characteristic that cannot be explained. But hte truth is that when we see it, we will recognise it. Contemporary theoretical concepts have assumptions that leadership has to be understood. Following Hunts classification leadership approaches on a continuum from objectivistic to subjectivistic (Hunt 1991), they are more likely to present it as subjectivistic purpose. If traditional patterns of explanation included in the content of newer approaches, contemporary theories, these are generally have to be understood as an advantage of classical theory. There are some particular people that others follow them, they like there style, work and extraordinary activities. If we look at organisational events, there is someone who have the leadership qualities, these are people who are willing to order and tell the other people what they have to do and what to do, and have the respect of other people or gain that respect. Many images made by inspirations from leadership. They have their own identity and fame in the world. Special individuals like, Hitler, Jinnah, Gandhi or Napoleon. The story around these people show that they passed from so many crisis where acts of one person who is the leading peosonality, are meaningful and people admire to follow decision of their leader. Leaders have the ability to decide, what can do and what they have to do and they deliver thier message to others to communicate and pass thier message to others. When these are absent or cannot deliver their ideas then there may be problem. Quality of leadership is success of groups and organisations. There are so many definitions for the leadership quality. There are so many leadership qualities and four main things are to lead influence on others. Second, where there are leaders and there are followers as well. Third, leaders must appear or involve when there is crisis or special problem. The leaders have quality that they se em to come visible when an innovative action from other side is required. Fourthly, leaders are the people who know that what they have to do and what they should do in future and why they should impliment their stretegy. So, leaders are the people who have clear vision about the thinking and decision that what they should do in uncertain situations and who have the effecting personility in the actions, thoughts and positive views and thinking of others. In this case, leaders qualities are personal. It depends on individuals qualities and actions. Leader can be manager or expert. May be not all managers can be leaders and not all leaders can be managers. In literature of leadership there have been four generations of theories: Trait theories. Behavioural theories. Contingency theories. Transformational theories. Leaders are person who are able to explain themselves(Warren Bennis,2004). If we get the knowledge about the lives of people who have marked that they are the great personalities or great effective leaders, it make it clears that they have very different qualities. If we think about political personalities like Nelson Mandela, Ghandi, Margeret Thatcher and Mao Zedong then we will confirm that these are the personalities who have great impact on the followers. The general qualities or traits should be in leaders. Stogdill (1948) and Mann (1959) reported in a survey that many studies have resulted that the personality and characteristics differentiate leaders from thier followers(Stogdill,1948). John Gardner(1989) studied a large number of North American organisations and leaders and conclude that there are some qualities or behaviours that appear in a leader. These include:  · Physical, mentally and mind making stamina  · Most Intelligence and action taking judgement  · Crucuial to accept responsibility and challenges  · Task accepting  · Understanding of people and meet and fullfil their needs  · Skill in communication with people and followers.  · Courage to acheive their goal  · Courage to motivate people  · Resolution  · Trustable personality and attitude  · Courage to decieve  · Self confidence . Couraging personality  · Challenges accepting personality We mostly have heard that leaders lists concerns their apparent maleness (Rosener, 1997). Rarely, we heard that women is leader. The attributes which are related with leadership are mostly male. May be the leadership characteristics are gendered and mostly these characteristics are in male. The behaviour of leader also counts. They moved from leader to leadership. If leaders are liked and respected then they can have more support and backup from their followers. The successful leadership is based on definable and learnable behaviours i.e, leaders are made, not born. These extensive and systematic studies aimed to identify behaviors associated with effective group leadership. Blake and Mouton (1964) developed the Managerial Grid which categorised leaders based on their dominant behaviours. These researchers were making progress in indentifying what behavior distinguished from followers. These behaviours could be taught. That is why these researchers conclude that leaders are made, not born. Although behavioural approaches to leadership offered a wider scope than trait theory. Researchers are unable to identify a specific set of leadership behaviours. Contingency Theory operates on the premise that the leaders ability is based on different situations and the structure of the task at hand of the leaders (Fred Feidler,2001). Fred Feidler argued that leader effectiveness depends on two related factors one is that the leadership style and the education or situation which force the person to become a leader. He also developed a scale (LPC) to measure the degree to which a persons leadership style tended towards the followers. There are four leader behaviours: directives, supportive, participative and achievement oriented and also attempts to account for many more achievement factors than previous studies (R.J.House and T.R.Mitchells Path goal Theory (1974)). Path goal theory explain how and why certain leader behaviours result in desired outcomes. This theory suggest that leaders are basically responsible for helping their followers develop behaviours that leads to achieve their goal or desired outcome. Victor.H.Vroom and Philip. W. Yetton (1973) suggest the use of co-operative decision making in an organisational context. They create a decion tree to answer the questions about the nature of the followres and problem to be resolved. A leader can determine what sort of leadership style should be used by following the useful ideas of the decision tree. Transactional leadership is basically in contingncy and is contingnt upon performance . The leader, who have power and control over his or her employees or followers, provides new ideas or suggestions for followers to do what the leader wants. The research depends on its limitations. Transactional approach is carried on with the supply and demand situation. However, transactional leadership is less effective than others and it needs more approaches. Transactional leadership works on the assumption that people follow the person who inspires them. The latter is a process in which all leaders and followers can help and familiarise everyone with the new ideas and their thoughts (Jamess. Burns ,1978). He introduced the concepts of both transactional and transformational leadership. This approach creates significance change in the life of people and organisations. (Bernard.M. Bass, 1985) contrasts transformational leadership with transactional leadership. While transactional leadership simply involves an exchange that leads to desired outcomes, transformational leadership motivates the people to do more than expectations( Bass, 1985). Recent theories on leadership are the process in which leaders are not considered as individuals in charge of the followers, but are consider as members of a community of practice. This community can be defined that the people combine their ideas and share history and familiarise the people with the way of communication. This model of leadership do not concentrate on the concept of dominance, motivation and influence which are the primary situations of leadership. If the workgroup is one where groups of people are engaged in activity together then leadership becomes the process of coordinating efforts. In todays world of corporate America, mostly people belief that it is possible to provide the education facility to make them a leader. But In my point of view Leaders are born not made(Adison,1995 ). We mostly see the people in promoted. But in many there are no special qualities to effect or attract the people or their followers (Everett Lockhart). Nowadays we have a lot of managers and supervisor but there are few which are leader and having leadership qualities. Sure, everyone can be a good manager or supervisor but everyone by nature is a manager or supervisor(Everett Lockhart, 1991). It is not the case that every leader is a manager first, but it is also can be possible that leader can give up the information to the manager and the fact is that, everyone by nature having management and supervising personality and qualities. We often point out one person and say, now he is a leader, without thinking that how the person becomes leaders? And how they can attract the people. Sometimes we can say that it is the genetic quality which is in some of the people or we can say that it may be God gifted quality. Those people have this gene, they get to lead. They have all the ability to make decision. There is some good saying that Leadership DNA is myth. There are the natural or God gifted abilities in the leaders personality. These abilities are present in some of us other do not have these abilities and qualities which leads to leadership. The main quality in the leadership is that they have command to give up their ideas and they know how and which ideas effect the people. The desire to lead is the motivational quality that put them to lead the followers. Obviously there are people who dominate on their followers. They dominate on them because of abilities and good decision-making. They are the good and attractive leaders among us and have the excellent performance. Leadership is the collection of skills that produce results. They are able to identify the requirement of their followers and they direct them on the right way to success. Leaders can learn leadership ideas and can get all the information in so many ways for example it also provide training observation on other leaders. Self study etc. Development is the key factor which opens the leadership getaway. It is the an increase in skills or abilities and a continuously learning process through life experiences. No one can be a leader just by saying that I am a leader. Leadership needs to be work hard. The main keys of leadership are as follows; Leadership involves in the critical situations and solve them by giving ideas. So good leaders analyse and plan and adapt their plans to new conditions and opportunities. Leaders have a vision and they share their vision as well. A leader takes charge. They cannot just talk a good game to be a leader; they also can take ac and take effective action for the good of our small business and leader inspires through example. In conclusion, leaders are the effective personalities. Their act, behaviour and decision making policies show their leadership qualities. There are some classical view also in this leadership overview. In which its described that how commentators have searched for special leading personalities and behaviours and look at the different circumstances. Classical views of leadership tend to identified by position. Where, leaders become focus for answers and solution. People look at them when they dont know what to do. They give direction and have vision. Leaders have special qualities. These create the difference between leaders and followers. This leadership view stands for forms of organisations that are common in business. Where the purpose is to achieve the goal in short period of time. Classical leaders can have a more participating style. They have power and opportunity to take responsibilities. It can be a great- man model of leadership. The leadership traits or qualities discussed are honesty, forward-looking, competent, inspiring and intelligent. (Kouzes and Posner, 1984). These qualities are strongly correlated with people. Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. (Vince Lombardi). True leaders are rare. This is because of combination of skills, personality and ambition. Some personality traits are natural in leaders roles. This is the trait theory. Extraordinary qualities in an ordinary person which help him or her to leadership. This is the Great Events Theory. People can learn leadership skills. This is the Transformational Leadership Theory(Bernard Bass and Don Clark,2010). These thories discribes the leadership traits. Leadership And Change Management Leadership And Change Management Change refers to any alteration which occurs in over all work environment of an organization. It may relate to change in technology, organizational structure, working processes, work environment, organizational policy and even the roles people play. Introduction of change in one part in an organization forces change in other part. If the change is beneficial people accept it willingly. If it is not desirable, there is great resistance. If it is of no consequence to the people, they may adopt an attitude of indifference. If they consider the change detrimental to their growth and prosperity, they may resist through counter pressure. This reaction is based not necessarily on the reality or facts but on their perception. The change therefore should be sufficiently strong enough to overcome the counter pressure. Due to advancement of technology and social environment change has become a necessity. If the change takes place, a balance or equilibrium is achieved by the organization. Thus p eople learn to expect various environment relationships within the organization. They learn adaptation. The essence is that when people feel that there is need to change, and when they change, they actually are adjusting to changed situation thus equilibrium is achieved with the changed environment. This process carries on and is never ending because change takes place continuously. 1.1 Change Processes 1Lewin developed a theoretical structure to deal with change process and carried out a program of search on change. The result was a good theory that has indeed turned out to be very practical. Recent work suggests that Lewins force-field analysis applies within a limited domain and that Lewins views are less applicable beyond the boundaries of that domain. Lewins views on change came under attack as simplistic and outmoded, but today they continue to receive strong support (Burnes 2004) 1.2 Lewins Force Field Theory of change 2As we know a wide variety of forces make organizations resistance to change and a wide variety of forces push organizational change. According to his force-field theory, these two sets of forces are always in opposition in an organization. When the forces are evenly balanced, the organization is in state of inertia and does not change. To get an organization to change, managers must find a way to increase the forces for change, reduce resistance to change or do both simultaneously. Any of these strategies will overcome inertia and cause an organization to change. The following figure illustrates Lewins theory. An organization at performance level P1 is in balance: forces for change and resistance to change are equal. Management , however ,decides that the organization should strive to achieve performance level P2.To get level P2 , managers must increase the forces for change(the increase is represented by lengthening of up-arrows) ,reduce resistance to change(the reduction is represented by shortening of down-arrows),or do both. If they pursue any of the three strategies successfully, the organization will change and reach performance level P2. 1.3 Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change in Organizations Evolutionary change is gradual, incremental and narrowly focused. Evolutionary change involves not drastic or sudden altering of the basic nature of an organizations strategy and structures but a constant attempt to improve, adapt, and adjust strategy and structures but a constant attempt to improve, adapt, and adjust strategy and structure incrementally to accommodate to changes taking place in the environments. Revolutionary Change is rapid, dramatic and broadly focused. Revolutionary change involves a bold attempt to quickly find new ways to be effective. It is likely to result in a radical shift in ways of doing things, new goals and new structure. It has repercussions at all levels in the organization-corporate, divisional, functional, group and individual. Reengineering, restructuring and innovation are three important instruments of revolutionary change. 2.0 My Organizations study 3The history of Nokia goes back 1865 when the company was established as a forest industry enterprise in south-western Finland on the Nokia River by a mining engineer called Frerik Idestam.This was not particularly remarkable event as numerous forest industry enterprise existed in Finland at the time. Later, Nokia came into contact with two enterprises that were outside the traditional forest industry. These firms were the Finnish Rubber works Ltd (founded 1898) and the Finnish Cable Works Ltd (founded in 1912).The gradual concentration of the ownership of these companies led in 1966 to the establishment of Nokia Corporation, into which all the above-mentioned companies were merged. Nokia grew fairly rapidly in 1970s and 1980s, partly because of the then-flourishing (bilateral) Soviet trade, which was boosted by the oil crises in 1973 and 1980.When the Soviet trade collapsed in 1991.Nokia ran into difficulties. Serious consideration was given to selling Nokia in its entirely to the Swedish company Ericsson , but the merger did not materialize .Nokias solution to the crises was to concentrate on the production of the electronics( and thus to abandon the production of paper and pulp ,tires , rubber boots ,cables and so on) ,to invest massively in R D and to adapt a new management strategy that relied extensively on domestic and foreign subsidiaries and subcontractors .Nokia also actively sought to become a genuinely international firm By Finnish standards , the management strategy was really revolutionary because previously companies had tried to be as self-sufficient as possible in production .Nokia decided to concentrate solely on final product and on the high tech end of the production .Nokias new strategy also involved investment in R D .Besides investing heavily in research and development , Nokia created a very useful network of research contacts between universities and itself .This cooperation has been of great benefit to both Nokia and Finnish universities. Currently , Nokia accounts for more than 20 percent of Finlands total exports and its growth contribution is estimated at 1.5 percent .Nokia alone accounts for about 40 percent of the R D expenditures by private enterprises in Finland .Moreover , it accounts for 70 percent of the stock market value of the Helsinki Stock market Almost 60 percent of Nokias workforce is currently outside Finland .Its success shows up most dramatically in its earnings and market capitalization values. Thus, in 1999 Nokias profits equaled the combined profits of its two main rivals Ericsson and Motorola and its market capitalization was over $ 200 million almost twice Finlands GDP 2.1 Nokia Environmental Analysis There are several forces surrounding the external environment of Nokia including demographic, economical, natural, social-cultural, technological and political-legal environment The Demographic Forces 4Population-wise, Europe is made up of five largish countries (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain) , with Germany well ahead with some 82 million inhabitants. The rest are small countries with only Netherland qualifying as middle-sized country. Urbanization is highest in Belgium and Israel and lowest in Switzerland, Finland, and Italy. This is modestly correlated with population density , the Netherlands being the most crowded , followed closely by Belgium and then three of the big five: the United Kingdom ,Germany , and Italy; the least crowded countries are Sweden and Finland The Economical Forces People in Europe are reasonably wealthy and income distribution between people is relatively even. Growing economy in Europe leads to increasing income of the people. People will buy more luxury goods (such as mobile phones).If the economy of Europe is in decline the average income will not increase and even more likely to decrease. In this case the people will have less money for luxurious goods and will spent less on mobile phones, which would be very negative for Nokia Nokia has big share in European market which is 37% which is now heavily hit by global economic recession. This has affected customers potential to buy mobile phones which in turn causes in reduction in Nokias profit. As we know technological innovation is the main competence of Nokia but due to this recession Nokia is spending less on R D budget in this way Nokia is losing its competitive advantage and may signal to move away from product differentiation which is a chief outcome of Nokia R D activity Nokia has strongly differentiated product and services at the same time Nokia is the cost leader too, as product differentiation is capital intensive while the differences with the cost savings are inevitable in these conditions these two strategies are usually incompatible .Nokia product differentiation strategy has also diminished due to the introduction of Iphone, flip phones, RAZR etc 5Nokia is not focusing on the following issues in the rapidly changing economic environment, Technological invention of a new substitute product like IPod, Iphone A foreign governments adverse economic policy affecting the companys product Diversification by high profile organization into the companys existing products Slowing down in the market growth Change in the habits and tastes of the consumers Potentially damaging demographic changes Changing technology and digital convergence 6In this rapidly changing world, Nokia is facing challenging threats on which they need to focus. The biggest threat for Nokia in Europe is the increasing mature market in Western Europe. Almost everyone in Western Europe has a mobile phone and there are a lot of competitors on the market. If Nokia wants to keep their market share it have to keep innovative, keep working on their image and most important they should keep listening to their customers. The danger of mobile phone radiation through wireless electronics is not more a fantasy. For instance, the new way to communicate per internet gains more and more fans 7Technological development of mobile phones is an important technological force because the technology in the mobile phone business is constantly innovating and developing which can lead to big chances for Nokia .There is a constant research going on within the mobile phone business to try to develop new gadgets and new systems for mobile phones. Nokia has to be aware of these developments, because when the competitors develop a new gadget that Nokia does not it means that the competitors will have a comparative advantage over Nokia. The technological development of substitutes is important when there will be a new developed substitute, it can mean that people will buy this product instead of Nokia mobile phone and so sales for Nokia will drop along with the profit 8According to Nokia due to fast speed internet information technology ,media ,music and mobile communications are converging to one industry.Net books and other computer based products are posing new threats of substitute for Nokia as phones and PCs become more homogenous. The customers are becoming more sophisticated due to rapidly changing technological environment and now Nokia can heralds the threats of mighty Microsoft who has more experience and resources as compared to relatively in-experience Nokia which may result in comparative disadvantage for Nokia. Through merger and acquisition Nokia can overcome this threat which still Nokia is not considering. Nokia is financially very strong company, there is need for the company to enter into new markets to achieve new experience and market shares by overcoming the weak rivals. Nokia new possible target can be Acer which has 11.9% share in the notebook market (Kwong, 2009) 9The advancement of new technologies is also creating new threats in the areas of security. Nokia can provide security by creating sound business practices and careful processes. The companys threat scenarios include as the worst root causes of threats: Employees who are careless and over-trusting Sub-contractors who also work with the companys competitors and implement lax security measures Poor information security that compromises data Industrial espionage by competitors, either alone or with the assistance of state investigation agencies Social engineering specifically as a means of industrial espionage Specific environments in so-called emerging markets which pose new threats to personnel security such as kidnappings and ransom activities and can give rise to large-scale armed robbery of valuable cargoes The Political-Legal Forces Finnish law European law Domestic laws in each of Nokias foreign markets International Laws Health regulations Because Nokia is a Finnish company and has its headquarters in Finland, the board of directors has to be run in accordance with The Finnish law. Since Nokia is also an international company, it has to comply with the international laws such European law, International laws are actually a collection of treaties, conventions and agreements between nations .Nokia must also comply with every foreign countrys domestic laws , which it is doing business with laws affect every aspect of Nokias business product safety, consumer protection dealing with competition , packaging and labeling and advertising etc Legislation is useless if it is not enforced. Nokia has to know the legal environment because it constitutes as the rules of the game. At the same time, it must know the political environment because it determines how the laws are enforced and indicates the direction of new legislation. Health regulations are also important because of danger of mobile phone radiation and the way Nokia has to handle with this threat. The natural Forces Environmental Issues are something that has become more important in the last few years. People are becoming more aware of pollution and want companies to do something about that. Nokia should be aware of this growing sense of awareness for the environment and should change the ways of production and should focus on producing environmental friendly products. The Social-Cultural Forces The population is very diverse. People can be divided into different subcultures that have several ways to spend their money .Subcultures could be different age groups ,interest group and immigrants .They have also different attitudes towards mobile communication Trends in the market 10During the last few years, multimedia applications, such as camera, Mp3 player or radio have become trends that reveal the shape of the future and provide many opportunities for new mobile phones. The crucial factors in fad period are features feel , look ,shape ,coolness especially for teenagers. One example of fad is Nokia N-Gage .This is a mobile phone and a game computer as well .It failed because it could not compete with big game device manufacturers such as Nintendo Consumer Buying Behaviour The changes of such personal factors like age, family life cycle or social class and changes of reference groups unquestionably influence the buying behaviour on the whole mobile phone market and corresponding on Nokias target market. Nokia should know this and has to develop solutions for all these life circumstances 11Global changes like changes of consumer needs, tastes and preferences, the emergence of new technology or nay new development in the marketing environment could potentially affect the fortunes of brand .Nokia also made a straightforward mistake: It didnt produce the clamshell-design mobile phones that customers wanted. And the customers jumped ship so that the companys sales Went down .Consequently, Nokia faced a loss of $6 billion in equity . Nokia faced a very difficult time particularly in year 2004.There were many drawbacks in Nokia strategies like failure to read market trends and act according to these trends. Also Nokia was not up to the demands of his customers which wants innovation in the designs of Nokia sets. The old days were Nokia classic style dominated the market are not returning and company needs to accept it .Nokia always insist on removing some functions or screwing up the keypad. For customers sometimes it is frustrating to have some phones with Bluetooth support but not having Wireless LAN, mp3 support but no FM, camera but no Mp3 and etc .As a result Nokia has lost customers, average sales prices have fallen .Therefore Nokia decided to change its policy in developed and emerging markets 3.0 Assessment of Implementation of change Issues 12Nokia the worlds biggest mobile manufacturer , had a bad year in 2004.Its shares lost over half their value between march and August-from a high of $23 to a low of $11 on 13 August-its sales declined and its market share, having stabilized around 35 percent for many years , fell to a low of 28.9 per cent. And in April 2004, one of its main rivals Samsung over took Nokia in market capitalization. However, some commentators thought that Nokias decline began even earlier than this. Sales peaked at  £ 30.4bn in 2000 when 128m phones were sold. In 2003 despite selling 179m handsets revenues was  £29.5bn .Samsung in contrast was able to achieve higher average selling prices for its photos, even though its volume were lower Although some thought that Nokias problems were partly because it had reached saturation in its main markets as well as facing increased competition, others laid the blame for Nokias problems at the companys strategy of focusing on high volume, lower price sales and ignoring design. The needs of increasingly fashion-conscious young mobile phone owners were ignored and Nokia was accused of missing the change from brand to style. This is surprising given that Nokia had previously been the pioneer of the handset as a fashion item with choices of colors and styles. But in 2003/2004 Nokia was sticking to its traditional monobloc or candy bar format for its handsets; meanwhile his rivals were bringing out more innovative models A particular problem was demand for folding calm-shell phones , especially in Asia and North America .Motorolas RAZR v3 model , a slim-line design with stylish aluminum shell , was a particular hit with consumers .Nokia has admitted that it failed to anticipate how successful clamshells would be .But other design features were also missing. Cameras , high-quality colour screens and user interface , that had formerly been streets ahead of the competition , were all less well developed than they needed to be .This meant that previously loyal customers were forced to turn to competitions models. I think Nokia just does not seem to have changed its look much over the last 10 years Nokias design problems happened at the same time as mobile phone service providers were wanting customized handsets as a means of increasing their own brand differentiation .Operator specific handsets are normally locked to prevent them being used by another operators network thereby attempting to boost customer loyalty as well as security .Operators in Europe and America were contracting with smaller Asians original design manufacturers to provide handsets to their own design specifications .And Vodafone , the worlds largest mobile services provider ,chose to provide its Vodafone live data services on handsets supplied by sharp. Similar problems affected the development of 3G services Japanese and South Korean companies were some years ahead in this technology .Vodafone for one choose Samsung and Sony Ericsson to supply its 3G handsets as a result .And Hutchison Whampoas there , a new entrant to the 3G market in Europe ,declined to sell Nokias handset because it lacked video-calling capabilities to embrace customized handsets was actually the result of technological factors .Given Nokias reliance on volume and sale ,it could not make different handsets for individual operators without a reorganization of its value chain .Until 2005 this was oriented towards large-scale production of relatively undifferentiated handsets .It preferred to hold off adding new features , such as high-quality colours screens or higher-resolution cameras ,until the components were available in large volumes. It also preferred to customize handsets through software .Its series 60 software, which is run on high-end phones is especial ly configurable, allowing the same hardware to support providers various services However ,the shock appeared to stimulate Nokia into making the necessary changes .It has since moved into operator-focused hardware customization despite its preferences for software customization and made the changes to its logistics system .Nokias new modular hardware designs made it easier for the company to customize products faster , and it set a target for 50 percent of its products to have alternative designs such as clamshells ,sliders and swivels by the end of 2005.One of its products the Nokia 6230 was so popular that Nokia was at times unable to meet demand and Nokia became a beehive of experiments. It launched a range of innovative handsets ,the N-series ,which had additional features as well as being phones and its 770 Internet Tablet is a hand-held computer that does not contain a phone at all but supports web-browsing e-mail and voice-over-internet calls using Google Talk software and Wi-Fi technology .Nokias then CEO Jorma Ollila has since retired directed R D to are as where Nokia had particular strengths for example radio technology and mobile-phone software ,not wasting it on technologies that the company could buy it .In 2004 it spent more than $4.8bn on R D of which 60 percent on software .At 12.8 percent of sales Nokia R D ratio was 3 percent higher than Motorolas and about twice that of Sony Nokia now the largest Camera Company in the world and convergence means that its phones provide music-playing, video-recording and computing facilities so that its competitors include Apple, Sony, Canon and other consumer-electronics firms .By may 2006 Nokia described as having a renewed spring in its step .Its market share has recovered to 35 percent 4.0 Analysis Conclusions 13In the environmental analysis, we took into account the different environmental forces which have impact on Nokia. Nokia has a very strong position in the mobile phone market in Europe. It is a strong brand because of their good quality products and powerful image and has just few weaknesses However, changes in consumer needs, preferences or too fast development of new technologies, could have negative impact on the consumer buying behavior in Nokias segment. Nokia should be prepared for it Currently Nokia sells its products in over 130 countries. The company divides the market not only into geographical and behavioral qualities of the customers are similar-to better satisfy their needs .Sometimes Nokia has a wrong strategy to keep its customers .Nokia removes some functions in its phone so that customers have the need for more .Moreover after producing new models Nokia sometimes does not focus enough on their positioning through advertising and packaging .Nevertheless, Nokia is still has the one of the best brand value in the world .The customer-based brand equity is also positive , people still prefer Nokia among the others .Customers have many associations with Nokia brand which differentiate it from other competitors .Competition is fierce and many competitors are attacking against Nokia to become the market leader .However ,Nokia has several advantages over its competitors such as economies of scales and innovative high technology .Europe is its home market ,Nokia has good possibilities to succeed and maintain its market leader position also in the future .However it cannot make misjudgments anymore. Now it is aware of the threats. It has to observe and predict what is happening in its environment and be sensitive in listening to its customers and trends